Ecuador, while appearing small on the map, is larger than the UK and rich in diversity. Its name, derived from its position on the equator, hints at its unique geography. Once part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada with Colombia and Venezuela, Ecuador's colonial past left a complex legacy, with independence in 1822 marking a pivotal shift. The country’s natural wonders, from the Amazon rainforest and towering Andes to the Galápagos Islands, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, are as central to its identity as its blend of indigenous traditions and Spanish influence, creating a dynamic and multifaceted culture.

Quito

Image ©Highbury Nomad

Quito

Quito, the capital of Ecuador, is one of the highest capitals in the world, set at an altitude of 2,850 metres in the Andes. Founded on the ruins of an Inca city, Quito became a key Spanish colonial centre in the 16th century. Today, its well-preserved historic centre, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, showcases the rich architectural and cultural legacy of that period.

Quito’s historic centre reflects its colonial legacy, with cobbled streets, grand plazas, and ornate churches that showcase the influence of Spanish rule. These spaces serve as reminders of the city’s role in shaping Ecuador’s identity and its prominence in the Andean region.

The city holds a unique place in Ecuador’s fight for independence, being a focal point for revolutionary movements in the early 19th century. Quito’s blend of indigenous and mestizo cultures shines through its traditions, music, and crafts, all of which carry the weight of centuries of cultural exchange and adaptation.

Galápagos

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Galápagos

The Galápagos Islands, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, are one of Ecuador’s most iconic territories, celebrated for their unique biodiversity and cultural significance. Situated approximately 1,000 kilometres off the mainland, the archipelago has played a central role in shaping scientific understanding of evolution and Ecuador’s national identity.

Ecuador annexed the Galápagos in 1832, following independence, to assert control over the remote islands and prevent foreign powers, particularly the United Kingdom, from staking a claim. In the 20th century, Ecuador resisted pressure from the United States, which sought to establish military bases on the islands during World War II and the Cold War due to their strategic location. To secure its hold, the government incentivised settlement by offering land and resources to settlers. This effort also led to the establishment of a penal colony on Isabela Island, where prisoners endured harsh conditions as part of Ecuador’s broader strategy to maintain sovereignty over the archipelago.

The Galápagos gained global fame in 1835 when Charles Darwin visited aboard the HMS Beagle. The islands’ distinctive species, such as giant tortoises, marine iguanas, and finches, inspired Darwin’s theory of natural selection, cementing the Galápagos’ place in scientific history. Today, these species continue to fascinate visitors and scientists alike, serving as a living testament to the processes Darwin observed.

Ecuador has distinguished itself from many other Latin American countries through its emphasis on environmental education and conservation. This focus is evident in the management of the Galápagos National Park and its marine reserve, established in 1959 and 1986 respectively. The convergence of warm and cold ocean currents around the islands creates a rich and unique marine ecosystem, hosting species like hammerhead sharks, sea lions, and manta rays. Thanks to strict protections, the Galápagos has seen a resurgence in marine life, a testament to Ecuador’s effective environmental stewardship. Unlike other regions where overfishing and pollution threaten ecosystems, the islands have become a global example of successful conservation, reflecting Ecuador’s broader commitment to sustainable practices.

The Galápagos Islands are a source of immense national pride, symbolising Ecuador’s commitment to preserving its natural heritage. Visitors can explore their breath-taking ecosystems, including by hot air balloon and guided eco-tours, but are also reminded of the delicate balance required to maintain this unique environment. The Galápagos stands as a beacon of scientific discovery and environmental stewardship, embodying Ecuador’s enduring efforts to protect one of the planet’s most remarkable regions.

Cuenca

Cuenca, located in the southern Andes of Ecuador, is a city renowned for its colonial charm and rich cultural heritage. Officially named Santa Ana de los Cuatro Ríos de Cuenca, the city was founded by the Spanish in 1557 on the site of the Inca settlement of Tomebamba, which itself was believed to have been an important city during the empire’s expansion.

Cuenca’s historic centre, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is characterised by its cobblestone streets, beautifully preserved colonial architecture, and iconic landmarks such as the blue-domed Catedral Nueva (New Cathedral). The city's layout reflects a blend of Spanish urban planning and Indigenous influences, offering a glimpse into Ecuador’s layered past.

Today, Cuenca is celebrated for its vibrant arts scene and artisanal traditions, particularly its production of Panama hats (sombreros de paja toquilla), which are handwoven in the surrounding areas. This cultural richness, combined with its picturesque setting amidst the Andes, makes Cuenca a highlight of Ecuador’s highlands.